EUA defendem retomada de gás russo pela Ukraine para obter cessar-fogo energético
O governo dos Estados Unidos promove a retomada das entregas de gás natural russo à Europa por gasodutos que passam pela Ukraine como forma de obter um cessar-fogo energético e reduzir os preços antes do inverno. A proposta prevê um intermediário americano e o depósito da receita russa em um escrow account em uma terceira jurisdição, mas enfrenta forte resistência europeia.
Pontos principais
- EUA propõem retomar o gás russo à Europa por gasodutos através da Ukraine
- Jared Kushner e Steve Witkoff apresentaram a ideia em setembro, durante viagens a Moscou e Kiev
- A esquema prevê venda por intermediário americano para contornar sanções europeias
- A receita russa seria depositada em escrow account em uma terceira jurisdição
- Ucrânia poderia recuperar receitas de trânsito e operar sua rede quase imediatamente
- A方案的 foi adiada após a pausa de quase duas semanas nos ataques记事 contra refineries russas
- Ukrainian retomou os ataques contra três grandes refinarias em 30 de outubro
Por que importa
A proposta pode restabelecer o papel da Ukraine como rota de trânsito e trazer novamente receitas ao país, além de criar um incentivo para um cessar-fogo energético. Ao mesmo tempo,ela confronta a política energética da União Europeia, que busca reduzir a dependência da Rússia e prevê o fim das importações de gás russo até o fim de 2027. A iniciativa também está ligada às negociações sobre uma acordo mais ampla para a guerra na Ukraine e à possibilidade de restaurar a infraestrutura do Nord Stream.
O que aconteceu
Os Estados Unidos promovem o retorno do gás natural russo à Europa por gasodutos que atravessam a Territory da Ukraine. Kushner e Witkoff apresentaram a proposta em setembro, durante viagens a Moscou e Kiev. American officials envision selling the gas through an American intermediary to circumvent European sanctions, while Russian sales revenue would be placed in an escrow account in a third country or jurisdiction so that the Kremlin could not use it to finance the war. Ukraine could restore gas transit almost immediately and receive transit revenue through its territory. The plan was previously postponed after Ukraine stopped striking Russian oil refineries for almost two weeks under Donald Trump's pressure. Ukraine resumed those attacks on 30 October, striking three large Russian refineries over three days, and the issue returned to the center of discussions about a broader energy ceasefire. Russia had previously rejected American proposals for broader energy de-escalation. Trilateral talks between the United States, Russia and Ukraine were planned for mid-November in Abu Dhabi.
O que dizem as fontes ucranianas
A coberturaISTRATION自動で highlights that Ukraine's gas transport system could operate almost immediately and that Kyiv could regain transit revenue. Ukrainian reports also connect the proposal directly to negotiations over an energy ceasefire and to the resumption of attacks on three large Russian oil refineries. They additionally emphasize tensions with Europe, including a comparison by one European official between the plan and the 1938 Munich Agreement.
O que dizem as fontes internacionais
The international account centers on Washington's effort to bring Russian gas back to Europe through Ukraine as part of an American push for an energy ceasefire. It gives particular attention to the intermediary role proposed for the United States, as well as the sanctions, investment and escrow features of the scheme.
Onde as versões divergem
Washington presents renewed Russian gas supplies as a way to lower energy prices and advance an energy ceasefire. Most European officials and leaders reject the proposal because renewed imports would recreate dependence on Russian energy and conflict with European legal restrictions. The European Union's legislation requires Russian gas imports to be phased out by the end of 2027.
Contexto
The Ukrainian transit route to Slovakia and other European markets stopped operating on 1 January 2025 after the Ukrainian-Russian contract expired and Kyiv declined to renew it. Before the full-scale invasion, Russia supplied 45% of European gas consumption; its current share is 11%. European gas inventories have reached their lowest seasonal level in several years. The United States is also considering American participation in Nord Stream projects as part of a broader peace and security agreement. Additional European energy costs arising from the conflict have been reported at 100 billion euros, while Qatar's liquefied natural gas shipments in the Persian Gulf have been blocked by the US war with Iran.